Andy Ogles

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For detailed discussions of controversies occurring during the 2018 county campaign and his tenure as county mayor, please see the article "Political controversies involving Andy Ogles."


William Andrew ("Andy") Ogles, IV (b. 1971) is the current county mayor of Maury County, Tennessee. He was first elected in August 2018. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Personal Life

Ogles and his wife Monica (Williams) have three children.[1] Their family currently lives on a farm south of Columbia.[2] He is a first-cousin of state Rep. Brandon Ogles (R-Williamson County).[3] Ogles moved to Maury County from Franklin around 2014, but has family roots in the county.[4]

Ogles holds a Bachelor of Science degree in International Relations from Middle Tennessee State University and has also done graduate-level work in marketing and managerial economics at Vanderbilt University's Owen Graduate School of Management and The Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.[5]

Business and Political Career

After graduating from college, Andy Ogles became involved in several business ventures, with some assistance from his father-in-law Hugh Williams (who owned the Franklin Hardware Store until 2002 and the Spring Hill Hardware store from 2002-2006). In 1996, Ogles invested in a Travel Professionals International travel agency franchise and also bought an existing Daylight Donuts store (later Daylight Cafe) in Franklin in the late 1990s. Ogles operated the Daylight Cafe with the help of his grandmother and brothers. Ogles led an expansion of the restaurant's menu to include lunch and dinner items. Ogles has also been involved in a second restaurant as well as in real estate investment.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

Ogles was active in politics in the early 2000s. As a business owner, he was vocal about transit issues in Franklin, objecting to the widening of Royal Oaks Boulevard in early 2002.[14] Later that year, he sought the Republican nomination for the United States House of Representatives (4th Congressional District), after working on the campaign of then-state Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-Franklin). He lost the 2002 Republican nomination to Tullahoma alderman (now state Senator) Janice Bowling, who in turn lost the general election to Democrat Lincoln Davis. Ogles received 14.7 percent of the vote in the primary election, placing behind Bowling and former Maury County executive Mike Green.[15][16] In his campaign, Ogles promised to support the War on Terrorism and strong national defense, as well as lower taxes and other policies advanced by then-President George W. Bush.[17]

Ogles sought the Republican nomination for the Tennessee state Senate (23rd District) in 2006. He placed last in a field of six candidates, receiving 2.2 percent of the vote in the Republican Primary. The winner of that race (Jack Johnson) won the general election in November 2006.

In 2009, Ogles was involved in the creation of a website (clipazine.com) promoting local businesses.[18]

In 2011, Ogles worked part-time as Chief Operating Officer (COO) of Abolition International, a Nashville-based non-profit organization that worked to stop human trafficking in other countries (it has since been merged into another non-profit organization Hope for Justice).[19] Andy Ogles also worked on Newt Gingrich's 2012 presidential campaign as an advisor.[20]

From 2013 to 2017, Ogles was the Executive Director of the Tennessee chapter of Americans for Prosperity, a legislative lobbying group associated with the billionaire Koch brothers. Ogles was recognized as one of the most powerful lobbyists in the state. During his tenure with Americans for Prosperity, he successfully lobbied for the repeal of the estate tax, repeal of the Hall income tax (a limited state income tax that was imposed on dividends and interest income), and against expanding Tenncare under the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). He was also involved with Lee Beaman's campaign to kill Nashville mayor Karl Dean's proposed "Amp" rapid transit project. Ogles and the AFP were unsuccessful in stopping an increase in the state gasoline tax in 2017.[21][22][23]

In late 2016, Ogles was mentioned as a possible candidate for a hypothetical 2017 special election to fill the 7th District Congressional seat then held by Rep. Marsha Blackburn if Blackburn had been appointed to a Trump cabinet position.[24]

In September 2017, Ogles announced that he was planning to challenge U.S. Senator Bob Corker in the 2018 election, citing his failure to repeal Obamacare or to fully-support then-President Donald Trump's agenda.[25] Republican businessman Lee Beaman pledged to raise $4 million in support of Ogles' challenge, stating that he viewed Ogles as a Trump ally.[26] Ogles withdrew from the U.S. Senate race in November 2017, citing financial difficulties, after Corker announced his intention to retire and Rep. Marsha Blackburn entered the race to replace him.[27] Blackburn won the Republican nomination in 2018 and defeated former Governor Phil Bredesen in the general election that November.[28]

In 2018, Ogles worked as Executive Director of the Nashville-based Laffer Center for Supply-Side Economics.[29] He also has served on boards for Vote for Faith, DDCA, Nurses for Newborns, and the YMCA.[4]

2018 Campaign

The Maury County Republican Party voted to nominate Andy Ogles at its convention on March 17, 2018. State Rep. Sheila Butt both nominated him and later served as his campaign treasurer. Incumbent county mayor Charlie Norman, who had won the Republican primary in 2014, declined to seek the Republican Party nomination.[30][31][32]

When asked about the rationale for his campaign by Daily Herald' editor James Bennett, Ogles said:

Maury County is rich in history, natural resources and family tradition that must be preserved as we grow at an ever accelerating rate. My experience in economics, tax policy and business is a necessary background at a time when Maury County needs qualified leadership the most. The recent audit by the state revealing deficiencies in the county budget filings, the proposed expansion of the landfill which threatens Chickasaw Park and our water supply from the Duck River and my commitment to make certain the school budget is making it to the classrooms where teachers are on the frontline of educating our very future are key reasons why I am running for county mayor.

Andy Ogles made the following commitments when running for county mayor:

  • Increasing the transparency of county finances.[33]
  • Opposing expansion of the county's landfill to protect the Duck River.[33]
  • Funding teachers and schools.[33]
  • Tearing down a county maintenance building near downtown Columbia, which he called a "blight."[34]
  • Supporting strategic planning for debt, taxes, and infrastructure.[4]
  • Leveraging his relationship with the next governor of Tennessee to expand vocational education in Maury County.[4]
  • Engaging with the community to improve relations between government and local businesses.[4]
  • Removing and replacing the maintenance building with a Justice Center and a jointly funded city-county parking structure.[4]

In his Daily Herald candidate questionnaire, Ogles praised the Reagan tax cuts. He was endorsed by supply-side economics guru Arthur Laffer, who was a key Reagan advisor.[4][35]

Early polling of the 2018 county mayor race gave Ogles a small edge over Charlie Norman, with about one-fifth of the county's voters undecided.[36]

Ogles won the August 2, 2018 election with 36.5 percent of the vote.[37] He won a plurality of the vote in six of the county's 11 county commission districts and won a majority of the vote in two of the 20 voting precincts (Neapolis 5-2 and Spring Hill 11-2).

2018-2022 Mayorship

Economic Growth

Andy Ogles was sworn in as county mayor of Maury County in September 2018.[38] Shortly after coming into office, Ogles stated: "We have tremendous growth coming our way. We will be setting the course for this county for the next 20 years. If we get it wrong, we also will set the course. So it is really important that we cast a vision, grow and keep our character intact."[39]

Significant business gains for the county during Ogles' tenure included:

  • Faurecia Interior Systems (which announced its project before Ogles became county mayor) built a $30 million facility in Spring Hill.[40]
  • The Solvay Group announcing a $22 million expansion in Mt. Pleasant in October 2018.[41]
  • Fuel Total Systems, a supplier for Toyota, announced a $61 million facility in November 2018 in Mt. Pleasant.[42]
  • General Motors announced a $22 million expansion to its Spring Hill plant in January 2019.[43]
  • Developer Darrell Lynn purchased and renovated a former American Corrugated cardboard factory as a new retail shopping area in Columbia (known as The Factory at Columbia) in early 2019.[44]
  • Athena-SCE, an automotive parts supplier, invested $3 million for an expansion in Mt. Pleasant in August 2019.[45]
  • Mersen, a manufacturer of high-temperature carbon graphite, bought the Union Carbide/Graftech site west of Columbia in late 2019 and planned $65 million in investment.[46]
  • General Motors agreed to make 157 temporary workers permanent hires as part of its contract with the United Auto Workers in 2019.[47]
  • Smile Direct Club brought $34 million in investments and 600 jobs to Columbia in September 2020.[48]
  • General Motors announced in October 2021 a $2 billion investment to manufacture the Cadillac Lyriq electric SUV in Spring Hill.[49]
  • TrueRail, a railroad car repair company, established its headquarters in Mt. Pleasant in late 2020.[50]
  • Documotion Research, a manufacturer of printing products, announced a $9 million manufacturing site in Columbia in January 2021.[51]

Waste Management

In 2019, the fate of the county's landfill was a major item of concern for Mayor Ogles and the county commission. The county commission voted to close the landfill (which had a permit only for brush, woodchips, and the like), located near Chickasaw Trace Park and the Duck River in May 2018 (before Ogles took office) because it was near-capacity and the majority of the county commission did not agree with the Budget Committee's recommendation to expand it.[52] The landfill remained open, however, while alternative plans were developed.[53] In early 2019, the landfill attracted the attention of state regulators, who noted various violations of state law.[54][55]

The issue was discussed by county committees in May 2019, whose members expressed concern about the cost of shipping brush and other non-household wastes to other counties, but the full commission postponed further action.[56] During the fall of 2019, Andy Ogles expressed his preference that the existing landfill be capped, and that a new landfill be built in a less environmentally-sensitive area of Maury County.[57] The county commission finally rejected the proposal to expand the landfill by an 18-4 vote in November 2019.[58]

In June 2020, Mayor Ogles notified the county commission that the landfill site had come into compliance with state regulations, which allowed Maury County to receive state funding for county parks. The landfill violations had briefly delayed state funding needed to open Yanahli Park in 2019.[59] The landfill was covered in late 2019 and a new waste transfer station was planned to be built on the site. A new site has not yet been found, and waste from Maury County is currently being shipped to Marshall County at a cost of approximately $1.5 million per year.[60]

Budgets and Taxes

The 2019-2020 Maury County Budget was expected to result in a tax increase due to revenue shortfalls and the need to provide raises to county employees and invest in schools and infrastructure.[61] Andy Ogles opposed raising the county property tax and threatened to veto any increase.[62]

As an alternative to increasing the property tax, Ogles supported a proposal by MCPS Superintendent Chris Marczak raising the county sales tax from 2.25 percent to 2.75 percent The Maury County tax had been lower than surrounding counties, which already had a combined state-local tax rate of 9.75 percent (7 percent state, 2.75 percent local). The county commission approved holding a referendum in May 2019, two months before the 2019-2020 budget was completed.[63][64]

The final budget increased pay for county employees by 3 percent and increased pay for school employees by 1 percent (which disappointed some, including then-School Board chair Bettye Kinser, who felt teachers needed larger raises). Property tax increases were avoided by deferring funding of a replacement for McDowell Elementary School and an expansion of Spring Hill High School.[65]

The referendum to increase the sales tax was approved by county voters in March 2020.[66] James Bennett, the editor of the Daily Herald, noted that Ogles and the county commission had risked being stuck without a funding mechanism for school repairs if voters had rejected the referendum.[67]

The new sales tax rate came into effect just as sales tax revenues were declining nationally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to projected shortfalls as 2020-2021 budget discussions ramped up.[68] The final 2020-2021 budget largely kept funding levels at the same as the previous budget.[69]

Social Causes

Throughout his mayorship, Andy Ogles has made public proclamations and appearances supportive of social causes such as drug and alcohol recovery.[70] Ogles was also openly supportive of striking United Auto Workers Local 1853 members during the 2019 General Motors strike.[71]

References

  1. A fourth child, Hugh Lincoln, passed away before his first birthday. See CFG Foundation profile cited below.
  2. "Andy Ogles." The Club for Growth Foundation. Undated. Web (clubforgrowthfoundation.org). 19 Feb. 2021.
  3. Christen, Mike. "Maury County mayor posts Joe Biden meme on Facebook, igniting tensions." The Daily Herald. 15 Aug. 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 19 Feb. 2021.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 "Candidate Questionnaire: Andy Ogles for Mayo." The Daily Herald." 28 July 2018. Web (Daily Herald archives). 22 Feb. 2021.
  5. "Andy Ogles." LinkedIn.com. Undated. Web (linkedin.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  6. Stout, Vicki. "Memaw makes meat and three." (profile of Daylight Donuts). The Tennessean. 10 June 2001. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021. This article quotes Ogles as saying that Hugh Williams had passed on the opportunity to buy an existing donut shop near Williams' hardware store and that Ogles then bought it and expanded service to include lunch and dinner; it also notes that his brother Justin had also invested in the store, and stated that a Maryland Farms restaurant was planned at that time
  7. "Five Questions: Heith Ogles." The Tennessean. 4 June 2003. p. 2W. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  8. McKinney, Melonee. "Seek and You Shall Find" (review of Mason Jar restaurant). The Tennessean. 21 July 2002. p. 9W. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  9. "Thank You" (Williamson County 4H ad). The Tennessean. 1 Sept. 1997. p. 9W. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021. This ad thanks Hugh Williams for buying the grand champion steer, and mentions that Williams owns "Franklin Hardware, Daylight Donuts, and Travel Professionals."
  10. "Local man receives welcome to Travel Professionals International." The (Brazosport, Tex.) Facts. 12 Jan. 1996. p. 8A. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021. Attached to this article is a group photograph that Ogles is posing in, with the caption noting that he is a new owner of a TPI travel agency franchise.
  11. McClure, Sue. "Big boxes send small businesses packing." The Tennessean. 2 Aug. 2006. p. 2 of 'The Journal' Spring Hill section. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021. This article mentions the closure of Spring Hill Hardware amid competition from Home Depot, which opened nearby, and mentions Williams' previous business ventures.
  12. See Club for Growth Foundation profile cited above related to restaurant operation and real estate investment.
  13. Andy Ogles has since sold his interest in the Daylight Cafe; a "for sale" advertisement appears on page 11W of the 9 April 2003 edition of the Tennessean. Ogles is not involved in the Daylight Donuts franchise now operating in Spring Hill.
  14. Mettee, Nellann. "Royal Oaks merchants make impact on road plan." The Tennessean. 1 March 2002. p. 1W. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  15. Cheek, Duren. "GOP 4th District rivals court conservative voters." The Tennessean. 17 July 2002. p 1B. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  16. "Election Results." Tennessee Secretary of State. Undated. Web (sos.tn.gov). 20 Feb. 2021.
  17. McClure, Sue. "Ogles declares intent to run for Congress." The Tennessean. 4 June 2002. p. 2W. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  18. Fox, Angela. "Look to local residents for money-saving tips." The Tennessean. 2 Sept. 2009. p. 9 of "Brentwood Journal" section. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  19. See CFG profile cited above; see also the Form 990 for 2011 for Abolition, International at "Nonprofit Explorer: Hope for Justice." ProPublica. Undated. Web (propublica.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  20. See CFG profile, cited above.
  21. Kranish, Michael. "A city's immovable roadblock." The Boston Globe. 11 Oct. 2015. pp. A1, A18. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  22. Schelzig, Erik (AP). "Conservative activist announces bid for Corker's Tennessee seat." The Portland (Tenn.) Leader. 20 Sept. 2017. p. A2. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  23. See "Archive - Lobbyist." (lobbyist registration forms for Andy Ogles, 2013-2017). Tennessee Bureau of Ethics and Campaign Finance. Undated. Web (tn.gov). 20 Feb. 2021.
  24. Ebert, Joel. "Speculation surrounds Blackburn, possible Trump administration post." The Tennessean. 16 Nov. 2016. p. A13. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  25. Schelzig, cited above.
  26. Ebert, Joel. "Lee Beaman to raise $4 million, assist Andy Ogles in Senate run." The Tennessean. 21 Sept. 2017. p. A5. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  27. Garrison, Joey. "Republican Ogles drops out of US Senate race in Tennessee." The Tennessean. 16 Nov. 2017. p. A5. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  28. Ebert, Joel and Allison, Natalie. "Lee, Blackburn Win." The Tennessean. 7 Nov. 2018. p. A1. Web (newspapers.com). 20 Feb. 2021.
  29. See CFG profile, cited above.
  30. Bennett, James. "Ogles accepts GOP’s nomination for county mayor." The Daily Herald. 18 March 2018. Web (Daily Herald archives). 22 Feb. 2021.
  31. Appointment of Political Treasurer form for Andy Ogles. Maury County Election Commission . 6 April 2018. Web (easyvotecampaignfinance.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  32. Bennett, James. "Maury County mayor Norman says he deserves re-election." The Daily Herald. 27 January 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  33. 33.0 33.1 33.2 Christen, Mike. "Maury County mayor candidate Andy Ogles address local Republicans for the first time since nomination." The Daily Herald. 10 April 2018. Web (Daily Herald archives). 22 Feb. 2021.
  34. Bennett, James. "Mayoral debate: Norman praises positive campaigns of his challengers." 22 June 2018. Web (Daily Herald archives). 22 Feb. 2021.
  35. "Reagan/Trump Advisor Dr. Arthur Laffer Endorses Andy Ogles for Maury County Mayor." The Tennessee Star. 18 July 2018. Web (tennesseestar.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  36. "Andy Ogles, Bucky Rowland Lead in Races for Maury County Mayor and Sheriff." The Tennessee Star. 24 May 2018. Web (tennesseestar.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  37. "August 2, 2018, Official Precinct Results (PDF)." Maury County Election Commission. Undated. Web (maurycounty-tn.gov). 22 Feb. 2021.
  38. [https://www.columbiadailyherald.com/news/20180901/new-officials-take-oaths-for-county-seats Christen, Mike. "New officials take oaths for county seats ." The Daily Herald. 1 Sept. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.]
  39. Bennett, James. "Q&A with Maury County Mayor Andy Ogles." The Daily Herald. 28 Oct. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  40. Powell, Jay. "Faurecia breaks ground in Spring Hill." The Daily Herald. 28 Aug. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  41. [https://www.columbiadailyherald.com/news/20181008/mt-pleasant-firm-commits-22m-to-plant "Mt. Pleasant firm commits $22M to plant ." The Daily Herald." 8 Oct. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.]
  42. Bennett, James. "Toyota supplier to invest $60.9M, create 150 jobs in Mt. Pleasant." The Daily Herald." 31 Oct. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  43. Bennett, James. "GM announces $22M investment in Spring Hill for advanced engine technology." The Daily Herald." 24 Jan. 2019, Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  44. Bennett, James. "Coming soon: The Factory at Columbia." 'The Daily Herald. 9 Feb. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  45. Daily Herald staff. "Auto supplier to expand, invest $3M, add 36 jobs." The Oak Ridger (Oak Ridge, Tenn.) 8 Aug. 2019. Web (oakridger.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  46. Bennett, James. "Mersen to open plant, hire 100 in Columbia." The Daily Herald. 12 Nov. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  47. Christen, Mike. "Maury County leaders celebrate new full-time GM employees." The Daily Herald. 11 Jan. 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  48. Bennett, James. "Smile Direct Club to create 600 jobs in Columbia." The Daily Herald. 17 Sept. 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  49. Christen, Mike. "$2 billion investment ensures GM's future in Spring Hill." The Daily Herald. 21 Oct. 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  50. Christen, Mike. "True Rail establishes headquarters in Mt. Pleasant." The Daily Herald. 11 Dec. 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  51. Christen, Mark. "Documotion Research invests $9 million to establish Maury County facility." The Daily Herald. 26 Jan. 2021. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  52. Christen, Mike. "Maury Commission votes down expansion of landfill into Chickasaw Trace Park." The Daily Herald. 22 May 2018. Web (newspapers.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  53. Christen, Mike. "Fence to separate landfill and Chickasaw Trace Park." The Daily Herald. 11 Oct. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  54. Stephenson, Sue. "Letter to the Editor: Why citizens deserve all of Chick-A-Saw park back unstained." The Daily Herald. 18 Nov. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  55. Christen, Mike. "Citizens rise to protect Chickasaw Trace." The Daily Herald. 19 May 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  56. Christen, Mike. "Maury County postpones landfill vote." The Daily Herald. 21 May 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  57. [https://www.columbiadailyherald.com/news/20190922/mayor-ogles-spearheads-search-for-landfill-solution-in-maury-county Christen, Mike. "Mayor Ogles spearheads search for landfill solution in Maury County ." The Daily Herald. 22 Sept. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.]
  58. Christen, Mike "Commission votes down landfill expansion at Chickasaw Trace Park." The Daily Herald. 19 Nov. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  59. "Columbia landfill now in compliance with state." The Daily Herald. 13 June 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  60. Christen, Mike. "Waste center to cost Maury County $10 million." The Daily Herald. 19 Dec. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 22 Feb. 2021.
  61. Christen, Mike. "Maury County continues to mull over potential tax increase." The Oak Ridger. 16 May 2019. Web (oakridger.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  62. Butler, Chris. "Maury County Mayor Andy Ogles Says He’ll Veto Any Property Tax Increase." The Tennessee Star. 17 July 2019. Web (tennesseestar.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  63. Christen, Mike. "Maury County Mayor Andy Ogles supports tax referendum." The Daily Herald. 29 Feb. 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  64. Christen, Mike. "Maury County sales tax referendum to appear on 2020 ballot." The Daily Herald. 21 May 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  65. Christen, Mike. "Taxes avoided: Maury County passes $180 million budget granting raises." The Daily Herald. 25 July 2019. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  66. Christen, Mike. "Maury County voters raise taxes to support public schools." The Daily Herald. 3 March 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  67. Bennett, James. "Local opinion: Facebook feedback on no tax increase." The Daily Herald. 28 July 2019. Web (Daily Herald archives, newsbank.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  68. Christen, Mike. "Work begins on budget as losses expected in Maury County." The Daily Herald. 8 June 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  69. Christen, Mike. "Maury County approves 2020-21 financial plans." The Daily Herald. 3 July 2020. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  70. Powell, Jay. "County honors National Recovery Month." The Daily Herald. 20 Sept. 2018. Web (columbiadailyherald.com). 23 Feb. 2021.
  71. Sauber, Elaina and West, Emily. "TN Mayor calls on GM to bring back health care for workers." The (Clarksville, Tenn.) Leaf-Chronicle. 21 Sept. 2019. p. 5B. Web (newspapers.com). 23 Feb. 2021.

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